Just reviewing some slides of liver of mice given infusions of an emulsion of perfluorodecyl iodide….  some of these crystals which completely fill to overflowing hepatocyte macrophages (multinucleated macrophages or macrophages fused into multinucleated giant cells following the foreign body response to IPFD infusion). Just saying here, some of the IPFD crystals are upwards of 30 microns long, and vary in width from 10nm to many microns. There is a very obvious directionality, always longer than wide. Iin terms of the actual molecular polymerization of IPFD, which is necessary to establish what is “wide” and what is “long” — that remains to be determined. But for now, these macrophages are about 90% “other” with half dozen nuclei in a localized cytoplasmic – crystal free zone together.

And regarding spleen, it has far fewer cells containing IPFD than I would have expected (just a relatively small number of reticuloendothelial cells show collections of crystals (compared to liver from the same animal which does have multinucleated cells full of crystals). So that is kind of interesting.

55 days after 100cc/kg of a 10% IPFD 5%F68 emulsion, the hepatocytes themselves are very well protected from inclusions of IPFD…. there are some probably, but not many. Hepatocytes themselves look nice, but the clusters of macrophages, without eliciting much of a fibrous tissue response are neatly circumscribed.