Here is an image from: Balis JU, Paterson JF, Haller BA, Shelley SA,Montgomery MR. 1988. Ozone-induced lamellar body responses in a rat model for alveolar injury and repair. Am J Path 132:330 344, which showed the image below of an alveolar type II cell. Just in the area around the exiting lamellar body there is an odd band of cytoplasm which has no organelles in it, looking very much like a collar. I have seen this before, kind of like a no-fly zone, around the apical membrane (canalicular membrane) in parietal cells in NHE4 knock out mice. Picture below is a crop from their Figure 3 of a normal rat alveolar type II cell. I have put a black dotted line around the cytoplasm which shows that no-fly-exocytosis-zone. (Their arrows are still within the original figure, pointing to two lamellar bodies about to be exocytosed into the alveolar space.
Monthly Archives: October 2016
Electron microscopy: shadow cast leucine zipper
Here is one of the most awesome electron micrographs — order in life — i have seen. It is truly fantastic, a testament both to human desire to know the universe, and the amazing “plan and order” that the universe is (of course along with the amazing but not so happy entropy) both fearful and wonderful. It is hard to imaging a nano processing machine that could arrange little gears and tubes with any more precision than seen in this person’s figure. I couldn’t get a link to the original article, but here is info if you want to pursue it on your own. Too amazing.
FIGURE 4. Negative stain electron microscopy images of the HsiB1C1 complex shows tubular and cogwheel structures. A , micrograph of negatively stained HsiB1C1 complexes showing both tubular and cogwheel-like structures. The scale bar corresponds to 100 nm. B , examples of raw images of cogwheels exhibiting both 13- and 12-mer arrangements with a central hole of ϳ 100 Å. C , examples of tubules that show a four-layered striation with discontinuous staining. D , oblique view of a short tubule structure that clearly shows the central channel. The scale bar corresponds to 10 nm (applies also to B and C ). I think this ref is Lossi et al., 2013.
Verge of a Dream: Compliments are a party favor
Compliments are a party favor
That roll from the tongue
With no chance for you
Though for wrong reasons
Turned true
The house and
The kids from a
Life before
without reason to talk
In your tight grip
In all misalignments
The end of tomorrows
As if at the kitchen
Door
With something to
Borrow.
A headlong collision
Immediate passion
Decades in endless
Obsession.
Verge of a Dream: You become a child again
You became a child again
saying that a kiss
would bring
a last undying spring.
And all you hadn’t had
til then.
You were called
by someone
who left behind all
others so only
you would matter.
While you were
loved by someone
who’d gave you less than
than that til then.
You were loved
by someone who wanted
you to love him
yet let the word goodbye
become a
gift for you to leave him.
And more than all
he’d given.
You became a child again
on the verge of laughing
on the verge of crying
As I became
a vagabond
wishing you goodbyes
And whatever had
been promised then,
lost with this departing.
Lumosity fit test: yippie
Abortion: my worst ever act as a human being
Long time ago, 1968 and 1973, I was pregnant, and ended both pregnancies. Not because I was afraid for myself, not because I didn’t want children, but because I was intimidated by, persuaded by, funded by, my then husband. I was a wimp, a dumb and blind girl, who had no concept of self, no concept of my own strength, no concept of the deed done, and outsmarted in every ridiculous egotistical sense that the young MD that was my boyfriend, then husband, and I knew when life began, and that this was a “non-criminal” act, something perfectly reasonable. Had I heard ONE word from him that it might be a “good” thing to have a child, one even gesture that this was going to work out I never would have had them.
The words that I heard were “this is a disaster” “I am not going to change my lifestyle” how selfish, how without compassion those words were. But worse, was my participation in the erroneous belief that two abortions would not change my own life. I was naive, and duped by the media, and too week and too scared to see it for what it really was.
I don’t know if I have ever forgiven myself or him, and I am truly unnerved by those deeds, one of which was illegal, as it occurred before 1973. One word from my mouth would have ended a medical career (not to worry now, this MD is retired), and it was an event that nearly cost me my life.
The second, I remember getting on an airplane at CVG to fly to New York, and weeping the entire way, even going to the airplane stewardess before the flight took off and asking to get off the plane, but doors were closed and I didn’t push it further. I remember weeping when I arrived in the airport… and as the nurse gave me anesthetic…. what doctor today would continue that procedure… only a quack. I don’t think I have forgiven them either.
So I turned off the sermon by Dr. Ed Young, on abortion today, because I cannot change what I have done, but hope that thousands, millions of young women can listen and learn what NOT to do. I hope too that when the “end of the age” whatever that is, in whatever time space dimension that I can find the two souls that I so rudely took from this life. I ask their forgiveness first and foremost. I ask the forgiveness of El Olam, Jehova Jireh, and beg help forgiving the participants with me.
I don’t understand why that act is way more obhorrent than others of the big 10, but it seems so, perhaps because I can never make restitution verbally or monetarily to the two whom I most clearly destroyed. Lord have mercy on my soul, help me forgive my X.
Ode to the Lung: prose and cover submission about alveolar type II cells
I was reading a publication by M Ochs, The Closer we Look the more we See? Quantitative
Microscopic Analysis of the Pulmonary Surfactant Sustem, Cell Physiol Biochem 2010;25:27-40 and I could not help be renew my awe for how the lung works, its fantastic biology, chemistry, order, and continued unknowability. I am cutting and pasting from his introduction, a beautiful ode to the lung.
“Each day a human being inhales and exhales more than 10,000 liters of air. Within the lungs, the exchange surface for the diffusion of gases is distributed over about 300 to 500 million alveoli and is as large as 120 – 140 m² (nearly the size of a tennis court). At the same time, the thickness of the exchange barrier is only about 2 ìm (50 times thinner than a sheet of air-mail stationary). This large and delicate surface has to be protected against collapse as well as against invasion of pathogens. For both, biophysical and immunomodulatory, functions, the pulmonary surfactant system is principally responsible. Thus, the integrity of the pulmonary surfactant system is essential for normal lung function. Basically, surfactant helps to keep the large alveolar surface of the lung open, dry, and clean”. To reiterate this ode, graphically, here is my Andy Warhol-style diagram of an alveolar type II cell (failed cover submission to Microscopy Today, sob sob).
More info on alveolar type II cells from Ochs, M: In humans, a single type II cell contains about 200-500 lamellar bodies, whereas in mice one finds about 50-100 lamellar bodies per type II cell.
This acknowledgement made me laugh about the past: Apple II plus
It is hard to think about the Apple II plus, and the headaches that we had trying to make the transition from using calculators and typewriters to computers. Ha ha.. in research, there was never an option not to go with the flow, but that didn’t make it easy. It wasn’t but 8 years earlier than this acknowledgement (from 1986) written for a paper I published in Experimental Lung Research, with colleagues, that I typed my thesis using 6 pieces of carbon paper, a manual typewriter, and lots of erasers.
Verge of a dream: I talk about dreamliners
Not much question that these are the same structures in type II cells
Electron micrographs of portions of alveolar type II cells: Two micrographs on the left are from my research, guinea pig on the left, ferret in the middle. The image on the right comes from a publication in 1973 by Stephens, Freeman, Stara and Coffin which had to do with exposure of beagle dogs to ozone. The claim that ozone increased these protein bodies (which for all intent and purposes match the protein body granules that I have seen in my animals), which also increased with age, particularly. I attribute these to some kind of immune response to environemetal exposure, and/or immune disturbance (as in the case of the guinea pigs, maybe an entire room of guinea pigs in the experiment were infected with some agent that increased the proteins in lung for innate immune response. Regardless, the point of this image is to demonstrate electron micrographs from these three species, of alveolar type II cells, showing what stress can produce in the way of organellar responses (if one can call this granule, an organelle — which begs the issue of calling Birbeck granules in Langerhans cells… organelles–again in which case these might be SP-A granules haha). I have marked the approximate 100 nm bar in all three images, and made a sample ribosome size in each as well for suggesting magnification. The periodicity found in the RER of the beagle electron micrograph I think was stated to be less than 100 nm… (76 nm or something instead).. you can choose. What I have called 100 nm is nominal.