Daily Archives: April 26, 2017

Mitochondrial cristi: what is this ordered protein

Mitochondria from vinyl chloride exposed animals have been posted on this blog before. HERE and HERE. I have made the assumption (no proof what-so-ever) that this just seems a perfect match for ATPsynthase.  Here is another example of such a mitochondrion, also showing the highly organized repeating pattern found in the intra-cristal-space of mitochondria from other liver electron micrographs from guinea pigs treated with vinyl chloride.  Amazing similarity. THis waits for someone else to confirm, but in the meantime when I see the images, I will post. Someone out there will know.  So here is a mitochondrion with such a cristi, and below that is someone elses micrograph (publication site linked) which shows the spiral repeating structure of ATPsynthase.


REF
One of their figures (not pictured here) shows about 16 dimers per 200 nm = 1 per 12.5 nm. When I measured the ribosome at 27 nm in my image (to the left) of intra-cristi structures, then there were about 19 densities per 200 nm.  So the numbers don’t add up too well.  Particularly with one of their figures copied above where their measurement (white bar in the figures and insets above) is noted in their publication to be 50 nm. This is quite far off what I see in the intra-cristi space in the figure to the left. It also seems clear that they have a propensity to be found in these groups between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and less frequently on the inner cristi.

Monkey kidney: perfluorodecalin

It has been three or more decades since I visited (revisited) the artificial blood research that was done in the Institute for Developmental Research (which is no longer an entity of that name, changed, many iterations ago. But this research was spearheaded by the Late Leland Clark Jr, major inventor in medicine in cincinnati.  I took so many tissues, looked at so many images of artificial blood in various animals that when I consider it in retrospect, it is just off the charts. Few really time honored publications came from that scattered search for a good oxygen carrying substitute for real blood, but Clark was determined that in and among the myriad compounds that he would find something great.  As an electron microscopist, all I saw was a reticuloendothelial system packed with little white fluorocarbon “footprints”, and a lot of activated macrophages.  Here is an interesting image (i dont have the neg and animal numbers off hand) of monkey kidney and on the left you see the remnants of perfluorodecalin (outlined in purple).

Here is what wikipedia has to say about PFD, as we tagged on the acronym back in the 1970s.
Medical applications Of all the perfluorocarbons, perfluorodecalin has probably seen the most interest in medical applications. Most applications utilize its ability to dissolve large amounts of oxygen (100 mL of perfluorodecalin at 25 °C can dissolve 49 mL of oxygen at STP). Perfluorodecalin was an ingredient in Fluosol, an artificial blood product developed by Green Cross Corporation in the 1980s. It is also being studied for use in liquid breathing. Perfluorodecalin can be applied topically, to provide extra oxygen to a specific location, to accelerate wound healing. Organs and tissues can be stored for longer in oxygenated perfluorodecalin; the “two-layer method” uses perfluorodecalin and UW solution to preserve tissue for pancreas transplants.

nb…  green cross developed it maybe, and sunventures, but clark was the main proponent for many years. Here is what PFD looks like

 

the “Era of Strategic Patience” is over for North Korea

come on…..  this administration is so out of touch, we need something besides terrorists as our leaders. Stooping to the level of North Korea makes them low lifers, just like those they disagree with.  No brains on either side.  Who voted for these people to run america, you should be ashamed. looking at what is posted (far left column with more red than blue), the approval of the american public is not in lock-step with the administrators’ (pres and vp)  opinions.

This plot, obtained from the internet makes me wonder what truman (far right) did right…. seems someone should be paying attention to this.